Kupanga kwa fiberglass kunayamba ku China mu 1958, ndipo njira yayikulu yopangira ndikuyika manja.Malinga ndi ziwerengero zosakwanira, kupitilira 70% ya magalasi a fiberglass amapangidwa ndi manja.Ndi chitukuko champhamvu cha makampani zoweta fiberglass, kukhazikitsidwa kwaukadaulo wapamwamba ndi zida zochokera kunja, monga ikuluikulu zodziwikiratu mafelemu makina, mosalekeza mayunitsi waveform mbale kupanga, extrusion akamaumba mayunitsi, etc., kusiyana ndi mayiko akunja kwafupika kwambiri .Ngakhale zida zazikuluzikulu zili ndi zabwino zonse monga kupanga bwino kwambiri, kutsimikizika kotsimikizika komanso mtengo wotsika, magalasi oyika pamanja akadali osasinthika ndi zida zazikulu m'malo omanga, zochitika zapadera, ndalama zochepa, zosavuta komanso zosavuta, komanso makonda ang'onoang'ono.Mu 2021, kupanga magalasi a fiberglass ku China kudafika matani 5 miliyoni, ndipo gawo lalikulu linali zopangidwa ndi magalasi opangidwa ndi manja.Pomanga anti-corrosion engineering, zambiri zomwe zimapangidwa pamasamba a fiberglass zimachitidwanso ndi njira zoyakira manja, monga zoyatsira ma tank a zinyalala za fiberglass, zopangira ma tanki osungira acid ndi alkali, pansi pa asidi osamva fiberglass, ndi anti anti. - kuwonongeka kwa mapaipi okwiriridwa.Chifukwa chake, magalasi opangira utomoni omwe amapangidwa mu uinjiniya wa anti-corrosion pamalopo ndi njira yoyikidwa pamanja.
Fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) zida zophatikizika zimapitilira 90% ya kuchuluka kwazinthu zophatikizika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri masiku ano.Amapangidwa makamaka ndi zida zolimbitsa magalasi a fiberglass, zomatira zopangira utomoni, ndi zida zothandizira kudzera munjira zinazake zomangira, ndipo ukadaulo wa FRP woyika manja ndi umodzi mwaiwo.Magalasi a fiberglass oyika manja ali ndi zolakwika zambiri poyerekeza ndi kupanga makina, chomwe ndichifukwa chachikulu chomwe kupanga ndi kupanga magalasi amakono a fiberglass amakonda zida zamakina.Magalasi a fiberglass oyika manja makamaka amadalira zomwe zachitika, kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito, komanso kukhwima kwa ogwira ntchito yomanga kuti aziwongolera bwino.Choncho, kwa dzanja anaika fiberglass ogwira ntchito yomanga, maphunziro luso ndi zinachitikira mwachidule, komanso ntchito analephera milandu maphunziro, kupewa mobwerezabwereza khalidwe zofooka mu dzanja anaika fiberglass, kuchititsa zotayika zachuma ndi chikhalidwe chikhalidwe;Zowonongeka ndi njira zothetsera magalasi oyika pamanja ziyenera kukhala ukadaulo wofunikira kwa ogwira ntchito yomanga magalasi a fiberglass.Kugwiritsa ntchito matekinolojewa kuli ndi tanthauzo labwino pakuwonetsetsa moyo wautumiki komanso zotsatira zabwino za anti-corrosion.
Pali zolakwika zambiri zamagalasi oyika pamanja, zazikulu ndi zazing'ono.Mwachidule, zotsatirazi ndi zofunika ndipo mwachindunji kuwononga kapena kulephera kwa fiberglass.Kuphatikiza pa kupewa zolakwika izi panthawi yomanga, njira zowongolera zotsatila monga kukonza zitha kuchitidwanso kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira zamtundu wa fiberglass yonse.Ngati cholakwikacho sichingakwaniritse zofunikira zogwiritsira ntchito, sichingakonzedwe ndipo chitha kukonzedwanso ndikumangidwanso.Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito magalasi a fiberglass oyika manja kuti athetse zolakwika momwe angathere panthawi yomanga ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yopezera ndalama.
1. Nsalu ya fiberglass "yoyera yoyera"
Nsalu za fiberglass ziyenera kunyowa kwathunthu ndi zomatira utomoni, ndipo zoyera zowonekera zimawonetsa kuti nsalu zina zilibe zomatira kapena zomatira pang'ono.Chifukwa chachikulu ndi chakuti nsalu ya galasi ndi yoipitsidwa kapena imakhala ndi sera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisawonongeke;Kukhuthala kwa zomatira za utomoni ndizokwera kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito kapena zomatira za utomoni zimayimitsidwa pamiyendo yansalu yamagalasi;Kusakaniza koyipa ndi kubalalitsidwa kwa zomatira utomoni, kusadzaza bwino kapena tinthu tambiri tambiri todzaza;Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kosagwirizana kwa zomatira za utomoni, ndikuphonya kapena kusakwanira kwa zomatira za utomoni.Njira yothetsera vutoli ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito nsalu yagalasi yopanda sera kapena nsalu yothira phula bwino musanamangidwe kuti nsaluyo ikhale yoyera komanso yosaipitsidwa;Kukhuthala kwa zinthu zomatira utomoni kuyenera kukhala koyenera, komanso pomanga m'malo otentha kwambiri, ndikofunikira kusintha mawonekedwe azinthu zomatira utomoni munthawi yake;Poyambitsa utomoni womwazika, kugwedeza kwamakina kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonetsetsa kuti kubalalitsidwa popanda kugwa kapena kugwa;Ubwino wa chodzaza chosankhidwacho uyenera kukhala wokulirapo kuposa mauna 120, ndipo uyenera kukhala womwazika mokwanira komanso molingana muzomatira za utomoni.
2. Fiberglass yokhala ndi zomatira zochepa kapena zapamwamba
Panthawi yopanga fiberglass, ngati zomatira ndizochepa kwambiri, zimakhala zosavuta kuti nsalu ya fiberglass ipangitse zolakwika monga mawanga oyera, malo oyera, kusanjika, ndi peeling, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa mphamvu ya interlayer ndi kuchepa kwa mphamvu. mphamvu zamakina a fiberglass;Ngati zomatira ndizokwera kwambiri, padzakhala zolakwika zakuyenda kwa "sagging".Chifukwa chachikulu ndikuphonya kuphonya, zomwe zimapangitsa "glue otsika" chifukwa chosakwanira zokutira.Pamene kuchuluka kwa zomatira kumachuluka kwambiri, kumabweretsa "guluu wapamwamba";Kukhuthala kwa zinthu zomatira za utomoni sikoyenera, zokhala ndi kukhuthala kwakukulu komanso zomatira kwambiri, kukhuthala kochepa, komanso kusungunuka kwambiri.Pambuyo kuchiritsa, zomatira ndizochepa kwambiri.Yankho: Yang'anirani kukhuthala bwino, sinthani kukhuthala kwa zomatira za utomoni nthawi iliyonse.Kukhuthala kukakhala kochepa, tsatirani njira zingapo zokutira kuti mutsimikizire zomwe zili zomatira utomoni.Pamene mamasukidwe akayendedwe ali okwera kapena m'malo otentha kwambiri, ma diluent angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti achepetse moyenera;Mukamagwiritsa ntchito guluu, samalani ndi kufanana kwa zokutira, ndipo musagwiritse ntchito guluu wambiri kapena wochepa kwambiri, kapena woonda kwambiri kapena wandiweyani.
3. Fiberglass pamwamba imakhala yomata
Panthawi yomanga pulasitiki yolimbitsa magalasi a fiberglass, zinthu zimatha kumamatira pamtunda pambuyo pokumana ndi mpweya, zomwe zimatha kwa nthawi yayitali.Chifukwa chachikulu cha vuto lomatali ndikuti chinyezi chamlengalenga chimakhala chokwera kwambiri, makamaka pakuchiritsa kwa epoxy resin ndi polyester resin, yomwe imakhala ndi kuchedwa komanso kulepheretsa.Zitha kuyambitsanso kumamatira kosatha kapena kusakwanira kuchiritsa kwanthawi yayitali pamagalasi a fiberglass;Chiŵerengero cha machiritso othandizira kapena woyambitsa siwolondola, mlingo wake sukumana ndi zofunikira, kapena pamwamba pake imakhala yomata chifukwa cha kulephera;Mpweya wa okosijeni mumlengalenga umalepheretsa kuchiritsa kwa utomoni wa poliyesitala kapena utomoni wa vinyl, pogwiritsa ntchito benzoyl peroxide kumveka bwino;Pamwamba pa utomoni wa chinthucho pali kusinthasintha kwamphamvu kwa ma crosslinking agents, monga kusungunuka kwa styrene mu utomoni wa polyester ndi vinilu utomoni, zomwe zimapangitsa kusalinganika muyeso ndi kulephera kuchiza.Njira yothetsera vutoli ndi yakuti chinyezi chochepa m'malo omangapo chiyenera kukhala pansi pa 80%.Pafupifupi 0,02% parafini kapena 5% isocyanate akhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku polyester resin kapena vinyl resin;Phimbani pamwamba ndi filimu ya pulasitiki kuti mulekanitse mpweya;Pamaso utomoni gelation, sayenera usavutike mtima kupewa kutentha kwambiri, kukhala wabwino mpweya malo, ndi kuchepetsa volatilization ogwira zosakaniza.
4. Pali thovu zambiri mu zinthu za fiberglass
Zopangira magalasi a fiberglass zimatulutsa thovu zambiri, makamaka chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zomatira utomoni kapena kukhalapo kwa thovu zambiri pazomatira utomoni;Kukhuthala kwa zomatira za utomoni ndizokwera kwambiri, ndipo mpweya womwe umabweretsedwa panthawi yosakaniza sumachotsedwa ndipo umakhalabe mkati mwa zomatira za utomoni;Kusankhidwa kosayenera kapena kuipitsidwa kwa nsalu ya galasi;Ntchito yomanga yosayenera, kusiya thovu;Pamwamba pa maziko ake ndi osagwirizana, osasunthika, kapena pali kupindika kwakukulu pakusintha kwa zida.Kuti mupeze yankho la thovu lochulukirapo pazinthu za fiberglass, wongolerani zomatira za utomoni ndi njira yosakanikirana;Onjezerani zosakaniza moyenera kapena kusintha kutentha kwa chilengedwe kuti muchepetse kukhuthala kwa zomatira za utomoni;Sankhani nsalu zamagalasi zosapindika zomwe zimanyowetsedwa mosavuta ndi zomatira za utomoni, zopanda kuipitsidwa, zoyera komanso zowuma;Sungani mulingo woyambira ndikudzaza madera osagwirizana ndi putty;Njira zoviika, zopukutira, ndi zogudubuza zomwe zimasankhidwa kutengera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomatira ndi zolimbikitsira.
5. Zowonongeka mu fiberglass zomatira kuyenda
Chifukwa chachikulu chakuyenda kwa zinthu za fiberglass ndikuti kukhuthala kwa zinthu za utomoni ndikotsika kwambiri;Zosakaniza ndizosiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti gel osagwirizana ndi nthawi yochiritsa;Kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomatira utomoni sikukwanira.Njira yothetsera vutoli ndikuwonjezera ufa wa silika moyenera, ndi mlingo wa 2% -3%.Pokonzekera zomatira za utomoni, ziyenera kugwedezeka bwino ndipo kuchuluka kwa machiritso omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyenera kusinthidwa moyenera.
6. Delamination zolakwika mu fiberglass
Pali zifukwa zambiri za zolakwika za delamination mu fiberglass, ndipo mwachidule, pali mfundo zingapo zazikulu: sera kapena kusakwanira dewaxing pa nsalu ya fiberglass, kuipitsidwa kapena chinyezi pa nsalu ya fiberglass;Kukhuthala kwa zomatira za utomoni ndizokwera kwambiri, ndipo sikunalowe m'diso la nsalu;Panthawi yomanga, nsalu yagalasi imakhala yotayirira, osati yolimba, ndipo imakhala ndi thovu zambiri;Kupanga zomatira za utomoni sikoyenera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisagwirizane bwino, zomwe zingayambitse pang'onopang'ono kapena mofulumira kuchiritsa panthawi yomanga pamalopo;Kutentha kosachiritsika kwa zomatira utomoni, kutentha msanga kapena kutentha kwambiri kumatha kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito a interlayer.Yankho: Gwiritsani ntchito nsalu zopanda phula za fiberglass;Sungani zomatira zokwanira utomoni ndi ntchito mwamphamvu;Gwirizanitsani galasi nsalu, chotsani thovu lililonse, ndi kusintha mapangidwe utomoni zomatira zakuthupi;Zomatira utomoni siziyenera kutenthedwa musanamangike, ndipo kutentha kwa fiberglass komwe kumafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala pambuyo pochiritsa kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa poyesa.
7. Kuchiza kosakwanira ndi zolakwika zosakwanira za fiberglass
Fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) nthawi zambiri amawonetsa kuchiritsa kosakwanira kapena kosakwanira, monga zofewa komanso zomata zokhala ndi mphamvu zochepa.Zifukwa zazikulu za zolakwikazi ndizosakwanira kapena zosagwira ntchito zochizira;Pa nthawi yomanga, ngati kutentha kwa mlengalenga kuli kotsika kwambiri kapena chinyezi chambiri, kuyamwa kwamadzi kumakhala koopsa.Njira yothetsera vutoli ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oyenerera komanso ogwira mtima, kusintha kuchuluka kwa machiritso omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndikuwonjezera kutentha kozungulira potentha kutentha kukakhala kotsika kwambiri.Pamene chinyezi chimaposa 80%, zomangamanga za fiberglass ndizoletsedwa;Ndibwino kuti palibe chifukwa chokonzekera ngati kuchiritsika bwino kapena kuwonongeka kwa khalidwe kwa nthawi yaitali, ndikungokonzanso ndikuyikanso.
Kuphatikiza pazochitika zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa, pali zolakwika zambiri m'manja zomwe zimayikidwa pa fiberglass, kaya ndi zazikulu kapena zazing'ono, zomwe zingakhudze moyo wautumiki wa zinthu za fiberglass, makamaka mu engineering ya anti-corrosion, zomwe zingakhudze anti - moyo wa dzimbiri ndi kukana dzimbiri.Pakawonedwe ka chitetezo, zolakwika mu magalasi oletsa kutukula oletsa dzimbiri zimatha kuyambitsa ngozi zazikulu, monga kutayikira kwa asidi, alkali, kapena media zina zowononga kwambiri.Fiberglass ndi chinthu chapadera chophatikizika chopangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, ndipo kupanga kwazinthu zophatikizika izi kumakakamizidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana panthawi yomanga;Choncho, dzanja anaika fiberglass kupanga njira njira ikuwoneka yosavuta komanso yabwino, popanda kufunikira kwa zida zambiri ndi zida;Komabe, kuumba kumafunikira zofunikira zolimba, njira zogwirira ntchito mwaluso, komanso kumvetsetsa zomwe zimayambitsa ndi njira zothetsera zolakwika.Pomanga kwenikweni, ndikofunikira kupewa kupanga zolakwika.M'malo mwake, kuika magalasi a fiberglass pamanja si "ntchito zamanja" zomwe anthu amalingalira, koma njira yomanga yokhala ndi luso lapamwamba logwira ntchito lomwe silili losavuta.Wolembayo akuyembekeza kuti ogwira ntchito zapakhomo oyika magalasi opangidwa ndi manja azigwira ntchito mwaluso ndikuwona ntchito iliyonse yomanga ngati "ntchito zamanja" zokongola;Chifukwa chake zolakwika zamagalasi a fiberglass zidzachepetsedwa kwambiri, potero kukwaniritsa cholinga cha "zero defect" m'manja oyika magalasi a fiberglass, ndikupanga "ntchito zamanja" zowoneka bwino komanso zopanda cholakwika.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-11-2023
