Pakalipano, pali njira zambiri zopangira zinthu zophatikizika, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga ndi kupanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana.Komabe, poganizira momwe mafakitale amathandizira komanso mtengo wopangira makampani opanga ndege, makamaka ndege zapagulu, ndikofunikira kukonza njira yochiritsa kuti muchepetse nthawi ndi ndalama.Rapid Prototyping ndi njira yatsopano yopangira potengera mfundo zopanga zinthu zosawerengeka komanso zosanjikizana, zomwe ndiukadaulo wotchipa mwachangu.Ukadaulo wamba umaphatikizira kuponderezana, kupanga kwamadzimadzi, komanso kupanga ma thermoplastic composite.
1. Mold kukanikiza mofulumira prototyping luso
Ukadaulo wopangira ma prototyping mwachangu ndi njira yomwe imayika zolembera zomwe zimayikidwa kale mu nkhungu yowumba, ndipo nkhunguyo ikatsekedwa, zosowekazo zimaphatikizika ndikukhazikika chifukwa cha kutentha ndi kukakamizidwa.Liwiro akamaumba mofulumira, mankhwala kukula ndi zolondola, ndi akamaumba khalidwe khola ndi yunifolomu.Kuphatikizidwa ndi ukadaulo wamagetsi, imatha kukwaniritsa kupanga zinthu zambiri, zodzichitira zokha, komanso kupanga zotsika mtengo zamagulu amtundu wa carbon fiber pagawo la kayendetsedwe ka ndege.
Masitepe akuumba:
① Pezani nkhungu yachitsulo yamphamvu kwambiri yomwe imagwirizana ndi kukula kwa magawo ofunikira kuti mupange, kenaka yikani nkhunguyo mu makina osindikizira ndikuwotcha.
② Konzani zinthu zophatikizika zomwe zimafunikira kukhala mawonekedwe a nkhungu.Preforming ndi gawo lofunikira lomwe limathandizira kukonza magwiridwe antchito a magawo omalizidwa.
③ Lowetsani zigawo zokonzedweratu mu nkhungu yotenthedwa.Kenako kanikizani nkhungu pamphamvu kwambiri, kuyambira 800psi mpaka 2000psi (malingana ndi makulidwe a gawolo ndi mtundu wazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito).
④ Mutatulutsa kukakamiza, chotsani gawolo mu nkhungu ndikuchotsa ma burrs aliwonse.
Ubwino wakuumba:
Pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, kuumba ndi teknoloji yotchuka.Chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe zimatchuka ndikuti zimagwiritsa ntchito zida zapamwamba zophatikizika.Poyerekeza ndi zida zachitsulo, zidazi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zamphamvu, zopepuka, komanso zosachita dzimbiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi makina abwino kwambiri.
Ubwino wina wa kuumba ndi luso lake lopanga ziwalo zovuta kwambiri.Ngakhale ukadaulo uwu sungathe kukwaniritsa liwiro la kupanga jekeseni wa pulasitiki, umapereka mawonekedwe ochulukirapo a geometric poyerekeza ndi zida zamtundu wa laminated composite.Poyerekeza ndi pulasitiki jekeseni akamaumba, amalolanso ulusi wautali, kupanga zinthu zamphamvu.Chifukwa chake, kuumba kumatha kuwonedwa ngati gawo lapakati pakati pa jekeseni wa pulasitiki ndi kupanga zinthu zopangidwa ndi laminated.
1.1 Njira Yopangira Ma SMC
SMC ndi chidule cha pepala zitsulo kupanga zipangizo gulu, ndiko kuti, pepala zitsulo kupanga zipangizo gulu.Zida zazikuluzikulu zimapangidwa ndi ulusi wapadera wa SMC, unsaturated resin, zowonjezera zocheperako, zodzaza, ndi zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana.Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1960, adawonekera koyamba ku Ulaya.Cha m’ma 1965, United States ndi Japan zinapanga luso limeneli motsatizana.Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1980, China idayambitsa mizere yopangira ma SMC apamwamba komanso njira zochokera kunja.SMC ili ndi maubwino monga kuyendetsa bwino kwamagetsi, kukana dzimbiri, kulemera kopepuka, komanso kapangidwe kake kauinjiniya kosavuta komanso kosinthika.Zomwe zimapangidwira zimatha kufanana ndi zida zina zachitsulo, motero zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale monga mayendedwe, zomangamanga, zamagetsi, ndi uinjiniya wamagetsi.
1.2 BMC Kupanga Njira
Mu 1961, unsaturated resin sheet molding compound (SMC) yopangidwa ndi Bayer AG ku Germany idakhazikitsidwa.M'zaka za m'ma 1960, Bulk Molding Compound (BMC) inayamba kukwezedwa, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti DMC (Dough Molding Compound) ku Ulaya, yomwe siinanenedwe kumayambiriro kwake (1950s);Malinga ndi tanthauzo la America, BMC ndi BMC yokhuthala.Pambuyo povomera ukadaulo waku Europe, Japan yachita bwino kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito ndi chitukuko cha BMC, ndipo pofika m'ma 1980, ukadaulo udakula kwambiri.Pakadali pano, matrix omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu BMC ndi unsaturated polyester resin.
BMC ndi ya mapulasitiki a thermosetting.Kutengera ndi zinthu zakuthupi, kutentha kwa mbiya yamakina opangira jekeseni sikuyenera kukhala kokwera kwambiri kuti zithandizire kuyenda kwazinthu.Chifukwa chake, munjira yopangira jekeseni ya BMC, kuwongolera kutentha kwa mbiya yakuthupi ndikofunikira kwambiri, ndipo dongosolo lowongolera liyenera kukhalapo kuti liwonetsetse kuti kutentha kuli koyenera, kuti mukwaniritse kutentha koyenera kuchokera kugawo lodyera mpaka mphuno.
1.3 Polycyclopentadiene (PDCPD) poumba
Kuumba kwa Polycyclopentadiene (PDCPD) nthawi zambiri kumakhala koyera m'malo mwa pulasitiki yolimba.Mfundo yopangira PDCPD, yomwe idatulukira mu 1984, ili m'gulu lomwelo monga polyurethane (PU), ndipo idapangidwa koyamba ndi United States ndi Japan.
Telene, wothandizira wa kampani ya ku Japan Zeon Corporation (yomwe ili ku Bondues, France), yapindula kwambiri pa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha PDCPD ndi ntchito zake zamalonda.
Njira yopangira RIM yokha ndiyosavuta kupanga yokha ndipo imakhala ndi ndalama zochepa zogwirira ntchito poyerekeza ndi njira monga kupopera mbewu kwa FRP, RTM, kapena SMC.Mtengo wa nkhungu wogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi PDCPD RIM ndi wotsika kwambiri kuposa wa SMC.Mwachitsanzo, injini ya nyumba nkhungu Kenworth W900L ntchito faifi tambala chipolopolo ndi kuponyedwa pachimake zotayidwa, ndi otsika kachulukidwe utomoni ndi mphamvu yokoka yeniyeni 1.03 yekha, amene amachepetsa ndalama komanso amachepetsa kulemera.
1.4 Kupanga Mwachindunji Paintaneti kwa Fiber Yolimbitsa Thupi Yopangidwa ndi Thermoplastic (LFT-D)
Cha m'ma 1990, LFT (Long Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics Direct) idayambitsidwa pamsika ku Europe ndi America.Kampani ya CPI ku United States ndi kampani yoyamba padziko lonse lapansi kupanga zida zomangira zamtundu wautali zolimba za thermoplastic ndiukadaulo wofananira (LFT-D, Direct In Line Mixing).Idalowa muzamalonda mu 1991 ndipo ndi mtsogoleri wapadziko lonse lapansi pantchito iyi.Diffenbarcher, kampani ya ku Germany, yakhala ikufufuza luso la LFT-D kuyambira 1989. Pakalipano, pali makamaka LFT D, Tailored LFT (yomwe ingathe kukwaniritsa kulimbitsa kwa m'deralo potengera kupsinjika kwapangidwe), ndi Advanced Surface LFT-D (malo owoneka, apamwamba kwambiri. quality) matekinoloje.Kuchokera pamawonekedwe a mzere wopanga, mulingo wa atolankhani a Diffenbarcher ndiwokwera kwambiri.D-LFT extrusion system ya German Coperation company ili paudindo waukulu padziko lonse lapansi.
1.5 Mouldless Casting Manufacturing Technology (PCM)
PCM (Pattern less Casting Manufacturing) imapangidwa ndi Laser Rapid Prototyping Center ya Tsinghua University.Ukadaulo wofulumira wa prototyping uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamachitidwe achikhalidwe opangira mchenga.Choyamba, pezani choyimira cha CAD kuchokera ku gawo lachitsanzo la CAD.Fayilo ya STL yachitsanzo cha CAD yoponyera imayikidwa kuti ipeze zambiri zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zidziwitso zowongolera.Pakuumba, mphuno yoyamba imapopera zomatira pa mchenga uliwonse ndi makompyuta, pamene mphuno yachiwiri imapopera chothandizira panjira yomweyo.Awiriwo amalumikizana, kulimbitsa mchenga wosanjikiza ndi kupanga mulu.Mchenga m'dera limene zomatira ndi chothandizira zimagwirira ntchito pamodzi zimakhazikika pamodzi, pamene mchenga m'madera ena umakhalabe mu granular state.Pambuyo pochiritsa wosanjikiza umodzi, wosanjikiza wotsatirawo amamangiriridwa, ndipo zigawo zonse zitalumikizidwa, gawo la malo limapezeka.Mchenga woyambirira udakali mchenga wouma m'malo omwe zomatirazo sizimapopera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuchotsa.Mwa kuyeretsa mchenga wouma wosadulidwa pakati, nkhungu yoponyera ndi makulidwe ena a khoma ingapezeke.Pambuyo ntchito kapena impregnating utoto pamwamba pamwamba pa mchenga nkhungu, angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthira zitsulo.
Kuchiritsa kutentha kwa njira ya PCM nthawi zambiri kumakhala pafupifupi 170 ℃.Kuyika kozizira kwenikweni ndi kuvula kozizira komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mu PCM ndikosiyana ndi kuumba.Ozizira atagona ndi kuvula kuzizira kumaphatikizapo kuyala pang'onopang'ono prepreg pa nkhungu molingana ndi zofunikira za kapangidwe ka mankhwala pamene nkhungu ili kumapeto kozizira, ndiyeno kutseka nkhungu ndi makina osindikizira pambuyo pa kuika kwatha kuti apereke kupanikizika.Panthawiyi, nkhungu imatenthedwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina otentha a nkhungu, Zomwe zimachitika nthawi zonse ndikukweza kutentha kuchokera ku firiji kufika 170 ℃, ndipo kutentha kumayenera kusinthidwa malinga ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana.Ambiri a iwo amapangidwa ndi pulasitiki iyi.Kutentha kwa nkhungu kukafika pa kutentha komwe kumayikidwa, kutchinjiriza ndi kuteteza kupanikizika kumachitidwa kuti kuchiza mankhwalawa pa kutentha kwakukulu.Pambuyo pochiritsa, m'pofunikanso kugwiritsa ntchito makina otentha a nkhungu kuti azizizira kutentha kwa nkhungu mpaka kutentha kwabwino, ndipo kutentha kwake kumayikidwanso pa 3-5 ℃ / min, Kenako pitirizani kutsegula nkhungu ndi kuchotsa gawo.
2. Ukadaulo wopangira madzi
Liquid forming technology (LCM) imatanthawuza ukadaulo wopangira zinthu zambiri zomwe zimayika ulusi wowuma pamalo otsekedwa ndi nkhungu, kenako kubaya utomoni wamadzi mumtsempha wa nkhungu utatsekedwa.Pakanikizidwa, utomoni umayenda ndikunyowetsa ulusiwo.Poyerekeza ndi njira yopangira chitoliro chotentha, LCM ili ndi zabwino zambiri, monga kukhala yoyenera pakupanga magawo olondola kwambiri komanso mawonekedwe ovuta;Mtengo wotsika mtengo komanso ntchito yosavuta.
Makamaka njira yothamanga kwambiri ya RTM yomwe idapangidwa zaka zaposachedwa, HP-RTM (High Pressure Resin Transfer Molding), yofupikitsidwa ngati njira yopangira HP-RTM.Zimatanthawuza njira yopangira kugwiritsa ntchito kuthamanga kwamphamvu kwambiri kusakaniza ndi kubaya utomoni mu vacuum yosindikizidwa yosindikizidwa ndi zinthu zowonjezeredwa ndi fiber ndi zida zokhazikitsidwa kale, ndiyeno kupeza zinthu zopangidwa ndi zinthu zophatikizika kudzera mukudzaza utomoni, kulowetsedwa, kuchiritsa, ndi kugwetsa. .Pochepetsa nthawi ya jakisoni, akuyembekezeka kuwongolera nthawi yopangira zida zomangira ndege mkati mwa mphindi khumi, kukwaniritsa ulusi wambiri komanso magawo ochita bwino kwambiri.
Njira yopangira HP-RTM ndi imodzi mwazinthu zopangira zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale angapo.Ubwino wake uli pa kuthekera kopeza zotsika mtengo, zozungulira pang'ono, kupanga misala, komanso kupanga kwapamwamba (kokhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino) poyerekeza ndi njira zachikhalidwe za RTM.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana monga kupanga magalimoto, kupanga zombo, kupanga ndege, makina aulimi, zoyendera njanji, kupanga mphamvu yamphepo, katundu wamasewera, ndi zina zambiri.
3. Thermoplastic composite chuma kupanga luso
M'zaka zaposachedwa, zida zophatikizika za thermoplastic zakhala malo opangira kafukufuku pakupanga zinthu zophatikizika padziko lonse lapansi komanso padziko lonse lapansi, chifukwa cha zabwino zake zokana kukhudzidwa kwakukulu, kulimba kwambiri, kulolerana kwakukulu, komanso kukana kutentha.Kuwotcherera ndi zida zophatikizika za thermoplastic kumatha kuchepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa ma rivet ndi bolt pamapangidwe a ndege, kuwongolera kwambiri kupanga komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zopangira.Malinga ndi Airframe Collins Aerospace, omwe amapereka ndege zapamwamba kwambiri, osatenthedwa amatha kupanga zida zowotcherera zomwe zimatha kufupikitsa zopanga ndi 80% poyerekeza ndi zida zachitsulo ndi thermosetting.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwazinthu zoyenera, kusankha njira zachuma kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu m'magawo oyenerera, kukwaniritsa zolinga zokonzedweratu, komanso kukwaniritsidwa kwa chiwongolero chamtengo wapatali wazinthu zomwe zakhala zikuwongolera nthawi zonse. kuyesetsa kwa akatswiri azinthu zophatikizika.Ndikukhulupirira kuti njira zambiri zowumba zidzapangidwa mtsogolomo kuti zikwaniritse zosowa zamapangidwe.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-21-2023
