Pulasitiki wolimbitsidwa ndi fiberglass amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zachuma cha dziko chifukwa cha kuumba kwake kosavuta, magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri, komanso zida zambiri zopangira.Ukadaulo wopangira ma fiberglass pamanja (omwe tsopano umatchedwa kuti kuyika kwa manja) uli ndi zabwino zake pakuyika ndalama pang'ono, kadulidwe kakang'ono kakupanga, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa, ndipo chitha kupanga zinthu zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ovuta, zomwe zimakhala ndi gawo lina lamsika ku China.Komabe, mawonekedwe apamwamba a zinthu zopangidwa ndi magalasi a fiberglass ku China pakali pano ndi osauka, zomwe zimalepheretsa kukwezedwa kwazinthu zoyika manja.Ogwira ntchito m'mafakitale achita ntchito zambiri kuti apititse patsogolo zinthu zabwino.M'mayiko akunja, zopangidwa ndi manja zokhala ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba pafupi kapena kufika pa A-level zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mbali zokongoletsa mkati ndi kunja kwa magalimoto apamwamba.Tatengera luso lapamwamba komanso luso lochokera kunja, tachita zoyesera zambiri zomwe tazifuna ndikuwongolera, ndipo tapeza zotsatira zina pankhaniyi.
Choyamba, kusanthula kwamalingaliro kumachitidwa pamikhalidwe ya ntchito yolumikizira manja ndi zida zopangira.Wolembayo amakhulupirira kuti zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza mtundu wa chinthucho ndi izi: ① kutheka kwa utomoni;② The processability wa gel osakaniza utomoni;③ Ubwino wa nkhungu pamwamba.
Utomoni
Utomoni umakhala pafupifupi 55-80% pa kulemera kwa zinthu zomwe zimayikidwa pamanja.Makhalidwe osiyanasiyana a utomoni amatsimikizira momwe zinthu zimagwirira ntchito.Maonekedwe a utomoni popanga amawonetsa magwiridwe antchito komanso mtundu wazinthu.Chifukwa chake, posankha utomoni, zinthu zotsatirazi ziyenera kuganiziridwa:
Kukhuthala kwa utomoni woyika pamanja nthawi zambiri kumakhala pakati pa 170 ndi 117 cps.Utoto umakhala ndi mawonekedwe a viscosity osiyanasiyana, omwe amathandizira kusankha.Komabe, chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa viscosity pakati pa malire apamwamba ndi otsika a mtundu womwewo wa utomoni wokhala pafupi ndi 100cps mpaka 300cps, padzakhalanso kusintha kwakukulu kwa viscosity m'nyengo yozizira ndi yotentha.Choncho, zoyesera zimafunika kuti ziwonetsere ndi kudziwa utomoni womwe uli woyenera kukhuthala.Pakuyesaku, kufananitsa kwakukulu kudapangidwa pa liwiro la utomoni wa fiberglass, magwiridwe antchito a utomoni, komanso kachulukidwe ndi makulidwe a phala.Kupyolera mu zoyesera, anapeza kuti kutsika kwa kukhuthala kwa utomoni, kufulumira kwa kulowetsedwa kwa magalasi a fiberglass, kukwera kwapamwamba kwa kupanga, kumachepetsa porosity ya mankhwala, komanso kufananiza kwachindunji kwa chinthucho.Komabe, kutentha kukakhala kokwera kapena mlingo wa utomoni ndi wokwera pang'ono, zimakhala zosavuta kuyambitsa guluu (kapena kulamulira guluu);M'malo mwake, liwiro la kuyika magalasi a fiberglass ndipang'onopang'ono, kupanga bwino kumakhala kotsika, porosity yazinthu ndi yayikulu, ndipo makulidwe amtundu wazinthu ndi osauka, koma chodabwitsa cha kuwongolera ndikuyenda kwa guluu kumachepa.Pambuyo poyesa kangapo, zidapezeka kuti kukhuthala kwa utomoni ndi 200-320 cps pa 25 ℃, komwe ndiko kuphatikiza kwabwino kwambiri kwapamwamba, mtundu wamkati, komanso kupanga bwino kwa chinthucho.Pakupanga kwenikweni, ndizofala kukumana ndi chodabwitsa cha kukhuthala kwa utomoni wapamwamba.Panthawi imeneyi, m'pofunika kusintha kukhuthala kwa utomoni kuti muchepetse kukhuthala kwa ma viscosity osiyanasiyana oyenera kugwira ntchito.Nthawi zambiri pali njira ziwiri zochitira izi: ① kuwonjezera styrene kuti muchepetse utomoni kuti muchepetse kukhuthala;② Kwezani kutentha kwa utomoni ndi kutentha kwa chilengedwe kuti muchepetse kukhuthala kwa utomoni.Kukweza kutentha kozungulira ndi kutentha kwa utomoni ndi njira yabwino kwambiri pamene kutentha kuli kochepa.Kawirikawiri, njira ziwiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti utomoni sulimba mofulumira kwambiri.
Gelation nthawi
The gel osakaniza nthawi unsaturated poliyesitala utomoni zambiri 6 ~ 21 min (25 ℃, 1% MEKP, 0 5% cobalt naphthalate).Gel gel ndi yofulumira kwambiri, nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito sikwanira, mankhwala amachepa kwambiri, kutentha kwa kutentha kumakhazikika, ndipo nkhungu ndi mankhwala zimakhala zosavuta kuwonongeka.Gelisi ndiyochedwa kwambiri, yosavuta kuyenda, yochedwa kuchiza, ndipo utomoni ndi wosavuta kuwononga wosanjikiza wa malaya a gel, kumachepetsa kupanga.
Nthawi ya gelation imakhudzana ndi kutentha komanso kuchuluka kwa woyambitsa ndi wolimbikitsa anawonjezera.Kutentha kwakukulu, nthawi ya gelation idzafupikitsidwa, yomwe ingachepetse kuchuluka kwa oyambitsa ndi ma accelerators owonjezera.Ngati oyambitsa ndi ma accelerator ochulukirapo awonjezeredwa ku utomoni, utoto wa utomoni udzadetsedwa pambuyo pochiritsidwa, kapena chifukwa chakuchitapo kanthu mwachangu, utomoniwo umatulutsa kutentha mwachangu ndikukhala wokhazikika kwambiri (makamaka pazinthu zokhala ndi mipanda), zomwe zimawotcha mankhwala ndi nkhungu.Chifukwa chake, ntchito yoyika manja nthawi zambiri imachitika m'malo opitilira 15 ℃.Panthawiyi, kuchuluka kwa kuyambitsa ndi accelerator sikufuna zambiri, ndipo machitidwe a utomoni (gel, kuchiritsa) amakhala okhazikika, omwe ndi oyenera kugwira ntchito mmwamba.
Nthawi ya gelation ya utomoni ndi yofunika kwambiri pakupanga kwenikweni.Mayesowa adapeza kuti nthawi ya gel ya utomoni ili pa 25 ℃, 1% MEKP ndi 0 Pansi pa 5% cobalt naphthalate, mphindi 10-18 ndiyo yabwino kwambiri.Ngakhale malo ogwirira ntchito asintha pang'ono, zofunikira zopanga zitha kutsimikizika posintha mlingo wa oyambitsa ndi ma accelerator.
Zina za utomoni
(1) Kuchotsa thovu kwa utomoni
Kuthekera kwa defoaming kwa utomoni kumakhudzana ndi kukhuthala kwake komanso zomwe zili ndi defoaming wothandizira.Pamene kukhuthala kwa utomoni kumakhala kosalekeza, kuchuluka kwa defoamer komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kumatsimikizira porosity ya mankhwala.Pakupanga kwenikweni, powonjezera kufulumizitsa ndi kuyambitsa ku utomoni, mpweya wochulukirapo udzasakanizidwa.Ngati utomoni uli ndi katundu wochotsa thovu, mpweya mu resin usanatuluke gel osakaniza mu nthawi, payenera kukhala thovu zambiri mu mankhwala, ndipo chiŵerengero chopanda kanthu ndi mkulu.Chifukwa chake, utomoni wokhala ndi katundu wabwino wochotsa thovu uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, womwe ungathe kuchepetsa thovu muzogulitsa ndikuchepetsa chiŵerengero chopanda kanthu.
(2) Mtundu wa utomoni
Pakadali pano, zinthu zopangidwa ndi fiberglass zikagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokongoletsera zakunja, nthawi zambiri zimafunika kuzikutidwa ndi utoto wapamwamba kwambiri kuti zinthuzo zikhale zokongola.Kuti zitsimikizire kusasinthika kwa utoto wa utoto pamwamba pa zinthu za fiberglass, pamafunika kuti zinthu zamtundu wa fiberglass zikhale zoyera kapena zopepuka.Kuti tichite izi, utomoni wowala uyenera kusankhidwa posankha utomoni.Kupyolera mu kuyesa kuyesa kwa utomoni wambiri, zidawonetsedwa kuti mtengo wa utomoni (APHA) Φ 84 ukhoza kuthetsa bwino vuto la mtundu wa zinthu pambuyo pochiritsa.Pa nthawi yomweyo, ntchito kuwala amitundu utomoni kumapangitsa kuti azindikire mosavuta ndi kutulutsa thovu mu phala wosanjikiza m'nthawi yake m'njira pasting ndondomeko;Ndipo kuchepetsa kupezeka kwa makulidwe amtundu wazinthu zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi zolakwika zogwirira ntchito panthawi yodulira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mtundu wosagwirizana pamtundu wamkati wa chinthucho.
(3) Kuuma kwa mpweya
Pachinyezi chachikulu kapena kutentha kochepa, zimakhala zachilendo kuti mkati mwa chinthucho chikhale chomata pambuyo polimba.Izi zili choncho chifukwa utomoni pamwamba pa phala wosanjikiza umakhudzana ndi mpweya, nthunzi wamadzi, ndi zinthu zina zoletsa ma polymerization mumlengalenga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti utomoni usungunuke wosakwanira mkati mwa chinthucho.Izi zimakhudza kwambiri pambuyo pokonza mankhwalawo, ndipo kumbali ina, mkati mwake ndizovuta kumamatira fumbi, zomwe zimakhudza ubwino wa mkati.Chifukwa chake, posankha ma resin, chidwi chiyenera kuperekedwa pakusankha ma resin okhala ndi zowumitsa mpweya.Kwa ma resin opanda mawonekedwe owumitsa mpweya, yankho la 5% parafini (malo osungunuka 46-48 ℃) ndi styrene amatha kuwonjezeredwa ku utomoni pa 18-35 ℃ kuthetsa kuyanika kwa mpweya wa utomoni, ndi mlingo wa pafupifupi 6-8% ya utomoni.
Gelatin wokutira utomoni
Kuti zinthu zamtundu wa fiberglass ziziwoneka bwino, pamakhala zinthu zambiri zokhala ndi utomoni wamitundu yambiri.Gel coat resin ndi mtundu uwu wa zinthu.Gelatin yokutira utomoni imathandizira kukana kukalamba kwa zinthu zamagalasi a fiberglass ndikupereka mawonekedwe ofanana, kumapangitsa kuti zinthu ziziwoneka bwino.Kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zili bwino pamtunda, makulidwe a zomatira nthawi zambiri amafunika kukhala 0 4-6 mm.Kuphatikiza apo, mtundu wa malaya a gel uyenera kukhala woyera kapena wopepuka, ndipo pasakhale kusiyana kwamitundu pakati pa magulu.Kuphatikiza apo, chidwi chiyenera kulipidwa pakugwira ntchito kwa malaya a gel osakaniza, kuphatikiza mamasukidwe ake komanso kusanja kwake.Kukhuthala koyenera kwambiri pakupopera kwa gel osakaniza ndi 6000cps.Njira yodziwika bwino yoyezera kuchuluka kwa zokutira za gel ndikupopera nsanjika ya zokutira za gel pamalo am'deralo a nkhungu yomwe idapangidwa.Ngati pali fisheye ngati shrinkage chizindikiro pa ❖ kuyanika gel osakaniza wosanjikiza, izo zikusonyeza kuti mulingo wa zokutira gel osakaniza si bwino.
Njira zosiyanasiyana zosamalira nkhungu zosiyanasiyana ndi izi:
Mitundu kapena nkhungu zatsopano zomwe sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali:
Chovala cha gel chiyenera kugwedezeka bwino musanagwiritse ntchito, ndipo mutatha kuwonjezera makina oyambitsa, ayenera kugwedezeka mofulumira komanso mofanana kuti agwiritse ntchito bwino.Popopera mbewu mankhwalawa, ngati mamasukidwe akuwoneka kuti ndi okwera kwambiri, kuchuluka koyenera kwa styrene kumatha kuwonjezeredwa kuti muchepetse;Ngati ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, ipopeni mowonda komanso kangapo.Kuphatikiza apo, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumafuna kuti mfuti yopopera ikhale pafupifupi 2cm kuchokera pamwamba pa nkhungu, yokhala ndi kuthamanga koyenera kwa mpweya, fanicha yamfuti yamfuti yomwe imayang'ana kutsogolo kwamfuti, ndipo mawonekedwe amfuti amfuti akudutsana. pa 1/3.Izi sizingangothetsa zolakwika za malaya a gel okha, komanso zimatsimikizira kugwirizana kwa mtundu wa malaya a gel osakaniza.
Chikoka cha nkhungu padziko khalidwe la mankhwala
Nkhungu ndiye chida chachikulu chopangira zinthu za fiberglass, ndipo zisankho zitha kugawidwa m'mitundu monga chitsulo, aluminiyamu, simenti, mphira, parafini, fiberglass, etc. malinga ndi zida zawo.Fiberglass nkhungu zakhala nkhungu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuyika pamanja magalasi a fiberglass chifukwa cha kuumbidwa kwake kosavuta, kupezeka kwa zida zopangira, zotsika mtengo, kupanga kwakanthawi kochepa, komanso kukonza kosavuta.
Zomwe zimafunikira pamapangidwe a fiberglass ndi ma pulasitiki ena ndi ofanana, nthawi zambiri pamwamba pa nkhunguyo ndi mulingo umodzi wokwera kuposa kusalala kwa zinthu.Kukhala bwino pamwamba pa nkhungu, kufupikitsa nthawi yopangira ndi kukonzanso pambuyo pake, kumapangitsa kuti zinthu zikhale bwino, komanso moyo wautali wautumiki wa nkhungu.Pambuyo popereka nkhungu kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito, m'pofunika kusunga khalidwe lapamwamba la nkhungu.Kukonzekera kwa nkhungu kumaphatikizapo kuyeretsa pamwamba pa nkhungu, kuyeretsa nkhungu, kukonza malo owonongeka, ndi kupukuta nkhungu.Kusamalira nkhungu panthawi yake komanso moyenera ndiye poyambira pokonza nkhungu, ndipo njira yoyenera yokonza nkhungu ndiyofunikira.Gome lotsatirali likuwonetsa njira zosiyanasiyana zosamalira ndi zotsatira zofananira zosamalira.
Choyamba, yeretsani ndikuyang'ana pamwamba pa nkhungu, ndikukonza koyenera kumadera omwe nkhunguyo yawonongeka kapena yosamveka bwino.Kenaka, yeretsani pamwamba pa nkhungu ndi zosungunulira, ziwunikeni, kenaka pukuta pamwamba pa nkhungu ndi makina opukuta ndi phala lopukuta kamodzi kapena kawiri.Malizitsani phula ndi kupukuta katatu motsatizana, kenaka kupakanso phula, ndi kupukuta kachiwiri musanagwiritse ntchito.
Nkhungu yogwiritsidwa ntchito
Choyamba, onetsetsani kuti nkhunguyo yapakidwa phula ndi kupukutidwa pakagwiritsidwa ntchito katatu.Pazigawo zomwe zimatha kuwonongeka komanso zovuta kugwetsa, phula ndi kupukuta ziyenera kuchitidwa musanagwiritse ntchito.Kachiwiri, kwa wosanjikiza wa zinthu zakunja (mwina polystyrene kapena sera) zomwe zingawonekere pamwamba pa nkhungu zomwe zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, ziyenera kutsukidwa panthawi yake.Njira yoyeretsera ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito nsalu ya thonje yoviikidwa mu acetone kapena chotsukira nkhungu chapadera kuti akasepe (gawo lokhuthala limatha kuchotsedwa pang'onopang'ono ndi chida), ndipo gawo loyeretsedwa liyenera kupangidwa molingana ndi nkhungu yatsopano.
Kwa nkhungu zowonongeka zomwe sizingakonzedwe panthawi yake, zipangizo monga sera zomwe zimakhala zowonongeka ndipo sizimakhudza kuchiritsa malaya a gel angagwiritsidwe ntchito kudzaza ndi kuteteza malo owonongeka a nkhungu musanapitirize kugwiritsa ntchito.Kwa omwe angathe kukonzedwa panthawi yake, malo owonongeka ayenera kukonzedwa kaye.Pambuyo kukonza, anthu osachepera 4 (pa 25 ℃) ayenera kuchiritsidwa.Malo okonzedwawo ayenera kupukutidwa ndi kugwetsedwa asanagwiritsidwe ntchito.Kukonzekera koyenera komanso koyenera kwa nkhungu kumatsimikizira moyo wautumiki wa nkhungu, kukhazikika kwapamwamba kwa mankhwala, komanso kukhazikika kwa kupanga.Choncho, m'pofunika kukhala ndi chizolowezi chosamalira nkhungu.Mwachidule, pokonza zida ndi njira komanso kupititsa patsogolo mawonekedwe a nkhungu, mawonekedwe apamwamba azinthu zoyika manja adzakhala bwino kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-24-2024
